Definiciones de tecnología de celdas solares, especificaciones de módulos, certificaciones, almacenamiento y líneas de productos de LONGi. Cada entrada indica el significado del término y luego cómo se aplica en LONGi, con enlaces a páginas de productos, fichas técnicas y resultados de pruebas.
También conocido como: celda fotovoltaica, PV cell
Una célula solar es un dispositivo semiconductor que convierte la luz solar directamente en electricidad a través del efecto fotovoltaico. La mayoría de las células comerciales se fabrican con obleas de silicio cristalino, y muchas células se interconectan para formar un módulo solar.
También conocido como: Panel solar, Módulo PV
Un módulo fotovoltaico (PV), o panel solar, es un ensamblaje resistente a la intemperie de celdas solares interconectadas, generalmente laminado entre vidrio y una lámina posterior de polímero o una segunda lámina de vidrio dentro de un marco de aluminio. Los módulos se clasifican por potencia en vatios en condiciones estándar de prueba.
El silicio monocristalino es silicio cultivado como un único cristal continuo y cortado en obleas. Ofrece una mayor eficiencia de celda que el silicio multicristalino y es el material dominante en los módulos solares actuales.
También conocido como: oblea tipo N, célula tipo N
El silicio tipo N es una oblea de silicio dopada con un elemento como fósforo de modo que los electrones sean los portadores de carga mayoritarios. Las células tipo N evitan la degradación inducida por la luz relacionada con el boro y generalmente alcanzan una mayor eficiencia que las células tipo P más antiguas. Las células TOPCon, heterounión y de contacto posterior se construyen comúnmente sobre obleas tipo N.
En LONGi. Las hojas de datos HPBC 2.0 de LONGi enumeran obleas TaiRay tipo N.
Una oblea es una fina lámina de silicio cristalino que sirve como base para una célula solar. El tamaño y la calidad de la oblea, incluida la uniformidad de la resistividad y la resistencia, afectan la eficiencia de la célula, las roturas y la potencia del módulo.
En LONGi. Las obleas TaiRay de LONGi se fabrican mediante un proceso mejorado de Czochralski de Recarga (RCz); sus hojas de datos enumeran las obleas M11 TaiRay y TaiRay Inside.
TaiRay es la marca de oblea de silicio monocristalino de LONGi, fabricada con un proceso mejorado de Czochralski de Recarga (RCz) que proporciona una distribución de resistencia más uniforme. LONGi afirma que las obleas TaiRay son adecuadas para células TOPCon, heterounión y de contacto posterior y son aproximadamente un 16% más resistentes a la flexión que las obleas convencionales.
En LONGi. Las obleas TaiRay Inside se utilizan en el Hi-MO X6 Max de LONGi, y las obleas TaiRay en el Hi-MO X10 y el Hi-MO 9 Ice-Shield.
También conocido como: Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact
TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) es un diseño de célula solar que coloca una capa de óxido de túnel ultrafina y una capa de polisilicio dopado en la parte posterior de una oblea tipo N para reducir las pérdidas por recombinación. Tiene la mayor cuota de la capacidad de producción masiva actual de células.
En LONGi. Las pruebas comparativas publicadas por LONGi enfrentan sus módulos de contacto posterior contra TOPCon en ensayos de sombreado, estrés térmico y rendimiento de campo.
También conocido como: HJT, HIT
Una célula solar de heterounión (HJT) combina una oblea de silicio cristalino con capas delgadas de silicio amorfo en ambas caras. Esto pasiva muy bien la superficie, proporcionando un alto voltaje de circuito abierto y un buen rendimiento a altas temperaturas.
En LONGi. La célula HIBC de LONGi fusiona la pasivación de heterounión con un diseño de contacto posterior.
También conocido como: BC, contacto posterior interdigital
El contacto trasero (BC, por sus siglas en inglés) es un diseño de célula solar en el que todos los contactos metálicos se encuentran en el lado posterior, dejando la superficie frontal libre de rejillas metálicas. Esto reduce el sombreado de la célula, mejora la captación de luz y proporciona una apariencia uniforme y completamente negra.
En LONGi. LONGi denomina contacto trasero como la próxima tecnología fotovoltaica convencional y reporta haber superado los 60 GW de despliegue comercial de BC y un crecimiento del 125 % en ventas de módulos BC en el H1 de 2026.
También conocido como: Hybrid Passivated Back Contact 2.0
HPBC 2.0 (Hybrid Passivated Back Contact, segunda generación) es la arquitectura de célula de contacto trasero de LONGi. Coloca todos los contactos en la parte posterior y utiliza un diseño de 'conducción débil' que permite que cada célula gestione su propia ruta de corriente, lo que limita la pérdida de potencia y el calentamiento bajo sombreado parcial.
En LONGi. HPBC 2.0 sustenta el Hi-MO X10 y el Hi-MO 9. LONGi reporta que sus módulos HPBC 2.0 recibieron la certificación TÜV SÜD por resistencia a PID-p en junio de 2025.
También conocido como: Hybrid Interdigitated Back Contact, HBC, heterojunction back contact
HIBC (Hybrid Interdigitated Back Contact) es la célula de contacto trasero de LONGi que combina la pasivación de heterounión con un diseño de contactos traseros interdigitados. Anteriormente, LONGi denominaba a esta tecnología HBC.
En LONGi. LONGi reporta un módulo HIBC de 700 W y 25,9 % de eficiencia con una densidad de potencia de 259 W/m² (junio de 2025) y récords de células del 27,30 % (2024) y 28,13 % (2026). El Hi-MO S10 utiliza HIBC.
Una busbar es una tira metálica en una célula solar que recoge la corriente de los dedos más finos y la transporta a las interconexiones de la célula. Las células de contacto posterior mantienen todas las busbars en la parte trasera, y los diseños de cero busbars (0BB) eliminan por completo las busbars frontales.
También conocido como: 0BB
Zero busbar (0BB) es un diseño de célula y módulo sin busbars visibles en la superficie frontal, lo que mejora la apariencia y la captación de luz y puede reducir el estrés en las células. Es una característica de los módulos de contacto posterior de LONGi.
En LONGi. LONGi lista 0BB (zero busbar) junto con HPBC 2.0 y obleas TaiRay en el stack tecnológico Hi-MO X10.
También conocido como: Half-cell
Un módulo de célula half-cut utiliza células solares cortadas por la mitad para que cada mitad transporte la mitad de la corriente. Esto reduce las pérdidas resistivas y el calor, y mejora la tolerancia a la sombra parcial cuando el módulo se divide en mitades independientes.
También conocido como: Módulo de doble cara
Un módulo bifacial genera electricidad tanto por su cara frontal como por la trasera, utilizando la luz reflejada por el suelo o el tejado. La producción adicional, denominada ganancia bifacial, depende de la altura de instalación, la reflectancia de la superficie y la inclinación.
En LONGi. El Hi-MO X10 de LONGi ganó el premio pv magazine Award 2025 por su innovación en contacto trasero bifacial, con un rendimiento del lado trasero optimizado al 75%.
También conocido como: Factor bifacial, relación bifacial
La bifacialidad es la relación entre la potencia del lado trasero de un módulo bifacial y su potencia del lado frontal en condiciones de prueba estándar, expresada como un porcentaje. Una relación más alta significa que la cara trasera contribuye más cuando hay irradiancia trasera disponible.
En LONGi. La prensa de LONGi describe una bifacialidad de alrededor del 80% para el Hi-MO 7 y un rendimiento del lado trasero del 75% para el Hi-MO X10.
También conocido como: Tándem de silicio-perovskita, célula solar tándem
Una célula tándem de perovskita-silicio apila una célula superior de perovskita sobre una célula inferior de silicio para que cada una absorba una parte diferente del espectro solar. Esto puede superar el límite de eficiencia de una célula de silicio de unión simple; el límite teórico es de alrededor del 43%.
En LONGi. LONGi reporta una eficiencia récord mundial del 35,5% para una célula tándem de silicio-perovskita cristalino (julio de 2026) y ha denominado a la tecnología tándem como la siguiente después del contacto trasero.
El límite de Shockley-Queisser es la eficiencia máxima teórica de una célula solar de unión simple, aproximadamente del 33,7% para una banda prohibida ideal y menor para el silicio en la práctica. Las células tándem utilizan más de una unión para superarlo.
La eficiencia de la celda es la proporción de energía de la luz solar incidente que una sola célula solar convierte en electricidad en condiciones de prueba estándar. Las celdas récord de laboratorio alcanzan una mayor eficiencia que las celdas de módulos comerciales, y la eficiencia del módulo es menor que la de la celda debido a espacios, marcos e interconexiones.
En LONGi. LONGi anunció un récord de eficiencia del 28,29% para células de silicio cristalino en septiembre de 2026.
La eficiencia del módulo es el porcentaje de luz solar que incide sobre el área total de un módulo que este convierte en electricidad en condiciones de prueba estándar. Se calcula dividiendo la potencia en vatios por el área en metros cuadrados y por 1.000 W/m².
En LONGi. Los valores de las fichas técnicas de LONGi para el Hi-MO X10 alcanzan hasta un 24,8 % de eficiencia de módulo en el rango de 72 celdas, 640–670 W.
También conocido como: W/m²
La densidad de potencia es la potencia nominal de un módulo por unidad de área, en vatios por metro cuadrado. Una cifra más alta significa más potencia del mismo techo o área de terreno, lo que es importante donde el espacio es limitado.
En LONGi. LONGi informa 259 W/m² para su módulo HIBC y aproximadamente 250 W/m² para el Hi-MO S10.
También conocido como: STC
Las condiciones estándar de prueba (STC) son las condiciones de referencia utilizadas para calificar los módulos solares: irradiancia de 1.000 W/m², temperatura de celda de 25 °C y un espectro de masa de aire 1,5. La potencia nominal de un módulo se mide bajo STC y es superior a la producción típica en el mundo real.
También conocido como: Potencia máxima, potencia nominal, Wp
Pmax, o potencia máxima, es la potencia más alta que un módulo solar puede entregar en condiciones estándar de prueba, medida en vatios (W) o vatios pico (Wp). Es la potencia nominal principal en una hoja de datos.
En LONGi. Los módulos Hi-MO de LONGi se clasifican en rangos de potencia como 640–670 W; cada hoja de datos proporciona la tabla eléctrica completa por rango.
También conocido como: Voc
El voltaje de circuito abierto (Voc) es el voltaje máximo que produce un módulo solar cuando no fluye corriente, como cuando está desconectado. Aumenta a medida que la temperatura disminuye, por lo que los diseñadores de sistemas lo utilizan para dimensionar las cadenas frente a los límites de voltaje del inversor y del sistema.
También conocido como: Isc
La corriente de cortocircuito (Isc) es la corriente que produce un módulo solar cuando sus terminales están cortocircuitados. Es proporcional a la irradiancia y se utiliza para dimensionar cables, fusibles y protecciones.
También conocido como: Coeficiente de temperatura de Pmax
El coeficiente de temperatura muestra cuánto cae la potencia de un módulo por cada grado Celsius que sus celdas aumentan por encima de los 25 °C, por ejemplo, -0.26%/°C para Pmax. Una magnitud menor significa una menor pérdida de potencia en días calurosos.
En LONGi. La página Hi-MO X10 de LONGi enumera un coeficiente de temperatura de -0.26%/°C, y sus hojas de datos indican coeficientes de Pmax de -0.24 y -0.26%/°C.
También conocido como: Degradación anual, tasa de degradación
La degradación de potencia es la pérdida gradual de la producción de un módulo con el tiempo, generalmente mayor en el primer año y más lenta después. Los fabricantes indican las tasas de degradación del primer año y anuales, respaldadas por una garantía lineal de potencia.
En LONGi. LONGi indica una degradación del primer año del 1% y una retención de potencia del 88.85% después de 30 años para el Hi-MO X10.
Una garantía lineal de potencia garantiza que un módulo seguirá entregando al menos un porcentaje declarado de su potencia nominal en cada año de su vida útil, disminuyendo en línea recta. Es independiente de la garantía del producto (materiales y mano de obra).
At LONGi. LONGi's Hi-MO X10 and Hi-MO S10 are backed by 30-year product and power warranties.
Also known as: Materials and workmanship warranty
A product warranty, or materials and workmanship warranty, covers defects in a module's materials and manufacture for a set number of years. It is distinct from the linear power warranty, which covers output decline.
At LONGi. LONGi's Hi-MO X10 page lists a 30-year product and materials warranty.
Also known as: 1500 V DC
Maximum system voltage is the highest DC voltage a module and its insulation are rated to withstand in a PV system, typically 1,000 V or 1,500 V DC. It limits how many modules can be connected in series.
At LONGi. LONGi's fire-resistant Hi-MO X10 supports a 1,500 V DC system architecture.
The maximum series fuse rating is the largest overcurrent protection device that may be used in series with a module. It protects against reverse currents in parallel-connected strings.
At LONGi. LONGi's datasheets list series fuse ratings of 25 A, 30 A and 35 A depending on the model.
Also known as: Snow load, wind load, mechanical load
Static load is the sustained mechanical pressure a module can bear, such as from snow or wind, measured in pascals (Pa) on the front and rear faces. Module frames, glass and mounting method all affect the rating.
At LONGi. LONGi tests its Hi-MO X10 Guardian Light Design to 5,400 Pa on the front and 2,400 Pa on the rear.
Also known as: Dead load vs live load, roof load
Dead load is the permanent weight a structure must carry, such as roofing and installed solar panels. Live loads, such as snow, wind and maintenance staff, are temporary and added on top. Roof capacity limits how much dead load a solar system can add.
At LONGi. LONGi explains dead versus live load in rooftop solar planning and offers a lightweight module for low-load roofs.
Also known as: Hail resistance, VKF
A hail rating describes the largest hailstone a module can withstand without damage, based on impact tests. IEC type tests use 25 mm ice balls, and stricter classes such as the Swiss VKF hail classes (RG3 for 30 mm, RG4 for 40 mm) test larger stones.
At LONGi. LONGi's Hi-MO 9 Ice-Shield is built for hail regions and withstands hail impacts of up to 55 mm. Its datasheets list RG3 and RG4 hail resistance.
Also known as: IP68
A junction box is the sealed enclosure on the back of a module that houses bypass diodes and the cable connections. A rating such as IP68 means it is dust-tight and protected against continuous immersion.
At LONGi. LONGi's datasheets list IP68 junction boxes, some with three diodes.
A bypass diode lets current flow around a shaded or faulty section of a solar module, so one affected area does not block the whole string. It limits power loss and reduces the risk of hot spots.
Also known as: Shading loss
Partial shading occurs when part of a module or array is shaded by trees, chimneys, buildings, snow or dirt. In conventional modules a shaded cell can restrict current for a whole string and cause large power losses and heating.
At LONGi. LONGi's HPBC 2.0 and Shading Optimizer are designed to keep unshaded areas producing; it reports independent shading tests with lower power loss than a TOPCon reference.
Also known as: Hotspot
A hot spot is a small area of a solar module that overheats, usually because a shaded or damaged cell dissipates power instead of producing it. Severe hot spots accelerate material degradation and can raise fire risk.
At LONGi. In a TÜV Rheinland hot-spot endurance test, LONGi's HPBC 2.0 module ran up to 60°C cooler than a TOPCon reference, according to LONGi.
Also known as: Shading optimization technology
A shading optimizer is a cell-level design feature that bypasses only the shaded cells rather than a whole section of the module, limiting the wider electrical impact of shade so the unshaded area keeps producing power.
At LONGi. LONGi's Shading Optimizer is built into the HPBC 2.0 Hi-MO X10. LONGi states that it cuts shading power loss by about 70% compared with TOPCon.
Also known as: Potential-induced degradation
Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a loss of module power caused by high voltage between the cells and the frame, which drives leakage current and degrades cell performance. Modules are tested for PID resistance, and it is a recognised reliability risk.
Also known as: Polarisation-type PID
PID-p, or polarisation-type PID, is a power loss in some advanced cell designs, including back contact cells, caused by charge build-up on the cell surface. It can be partly reversible. Testing for it is an emerging focus of IEC and NREL work.
At LONGi. LONGi reports that its HPBC 2.0 modules received TÜV SÜD certification for PID-p resistance in June 2025.
Also known as: LID, LeTID
Light-induced degradation (LID) is a small, fast loss of power in the first hours of sunlight exposure, caused by defects in the silicon. N-type silicon avoids the boron-oxygen form of LID that affects p-type cells.
A microcrack is a tiny crack in a solar cell, often caused by handling, transport, installation or mechanical load. Microcracks can grow with thermal cycling and reduce power, so stronger wafers and gentler interconnection help.
At LONGi. LONGi says its TaiRay wafers are 16% stronger and that its one-line back contact welding reduces cell edge stress by 26 MPa.
IEC 61215 is the international standard for the design qualification and type approval of crystalline silicon PV modules. It tests modules through sequences such as thermal cycling, damp heat, mechanical load and hail, and is a baseline for bankable modules.
Also known as: UL 61730
IEC 61730 is the international standard for PV module safety. It sets requirements for construction and testing to protect against electric shock, fire and mechanical hazards, and it is paired with IEC 61215 for module approval. UL 61730 is the equivalent North American listing.
At LONGi. LONGi certifies its modules to IEC 61730 and UL 61730.
Also known as: Fire rating, BROOF(t)
A module fire class rates how a PV module behaves in a standard fire test, usually the spread of flame across its surface. Class A is the highest rating, and Europe may also reference BROOF(t) roof-fire classes.
At LONGi. LONGi's Hi-MO X10 Fire-Resistant module is Class A fire-rated, with fire-resistant glass and reinforced junction boxes. Datasheets also carry EU fire class and BROOF fields where applicable.
TÜV Rheinland is an international testing, inspection and certification body. In solar it provides module quality tests, certification and independent awards such as the 'All Quality Matters' recognition.
At LONGi. LONGi signed a strategic agreement with TÜV Rheinland to advance back contact quality and standards, and its back contact modules have won several TÜV Rheinland awards.
Also known as: Solar glare
Glare is unwanted reflected sunlight that can dazzle pilots, drivers or residents. Projects near airports, railways, roads or hospital helipads may need an independent glare assessment, and low-reflectivity module glass reduces the risk.
At LONGi. LONGi's Anti-Glare Pro is verified by TÜV with an AAA classification and 0.9% reflectivity.
Reflectivity is the share of incident sunlight that a module's front surface reflects rather than absorbs. Micro-structured or coated glass lowers reflectivity, which reduces glare and lets more light reach the cells.
At LONGi. LONGi's Anti-Glare Pro reports 0.9% reflectivity, verified by TÜV.
Hi-MO X10 is LONGi's flagship back contact module series, built on HPBC 2.0 with zero-busbar design, a Shading Optimizer and TaiRay wafers. It is offered in variants for homes and for commercial and industrial roofs, including Anti-Glare, Anti-Dust, Fire-Resistant, Light Design and transparent designs.
At LONGi. The Hi-MO X10 page lists 30-year product and power warranties, 1% first-year degradation and a temperature coefficient of -0.26%/°C. Launched in December 2024.
Also known as: Light Design
Hi-MO X10 Guardian Light Design is LONGi's lightweight back contact module for commercial and industrial roofs with strict load limits. At 7.2 kg/m² it is about 30% lighter than conventional single-glass TOPCon panels while keeping full mechanical load strength.
At LONGi. It won a TÜV Rheinland Excellence Award and is tested to 5,400 Pa on the front and 2,400 Pa on the rear.
A light design module is a lightweight crystalline silicon solar panel built for roofs that cannot carry the weight of standard glass-glass or glass-backsheet modules. It offers an alternative to flexible modules, which can fatigue with movement.
At LONGi. LONGi's Hi-MO X10 Guardian Light Design is its lightweight module for low-load C&I roofs.
Also known as: Anti-Glare Pro
Hi-MO X10 Anti-Glare is LONGi's back contact module with micro-structured, low-reflectivity glass for projects near airports, railways, roads or buildings where glare can affect approval. The Anti-Glare Pro variant adds a TÜV-verified AAA classification and 0.9% reflectivity.
At LONGi. Used in a 1.2 MWp installation next to a hospital heliport and a Swiss railway façade project.
Also known as: Anti-Dust
Hi-MO X10 Anti-Dust is LONGi's back contact module with a patented frame design that reduces dust build-up at the lower edge, supporting energy yield in dusty or low-tilt installations.
At LONGi. Its datasheet states the exclusive anti-dust frame reduces the impact of dust accumulation throughout the module's life.
Soiling is the build-up of dust, dirt, pollen or bird droppings on module glass that blocks sunlight and lowers energy output. It is most significant in arid, dusty or low-tilt installations and is managed by cleaning or by frame and glass design.
Hi-MO X10 Fire-Resistant is LONGi's Class A fire-rated back contact module for safety-critical commercial and industrial sites, using fire-resistant glass and reinforced junction boxes to suppress ignition and limit fire spread.
At LONGi. LONGi is positioning it with Hi-MO ONE Pro storage for data centres in Spain.
Also known as: Transparent Design
A transparent back-glass module is a bifacial solar module with clear rear glass, which lets some light through. It suits carports, canopies and façades where light transmission and aesthetics matter.
At LONGi. LONGi introduced a transparent back contact module in the Hi-MO X10 range with a near-all-black, busbar-free front and a transparent back glass.
Hi-MO 9 is LONGi's utility-scale back contact module series, built on HPBC 2.0. It targets large ground-mounted projects with a focus on land efficiency, low and diffuse light performance and lifecycle yield.
At LONGi. Hi-MO 9 variants include Sea-Shield, Ice-Shield, Edge and HydroClear. The Hi-MO 9 Prime, launched in June 2026, offers up to 680 W and 25.2% efficiency.
Also known as: Sea-Shield
Hi-MO 9 Sea-Shield is LONGi's back contact module engineered for corrosive offshore and marine environments, with enhanced resistance to corrosion, salt spray and water ingress.
At LONGi. Over 500 LONGi Sea-Shield modules were installed on a 200-metre cargo ship in China.
Hi-MO 7 is a series of LONGi bifacial modules designed for large ground-mounted solar plants, aimed at high efficiency and durability in extreme heat and weather.
At LONGi. LONGi supplies Hi-MO 7 to projects including a 362 MW plant in Algeria and a 300 MW portfolio in Romania.
Hi-MO S10 is LONGi's residential back contact module using HIBC cell technology, with 25% module efficiency and a 30-year product and power warranty. It is sold as EcoLife Pro.
At LONGi. Launched at Intersolar Europe 2025.
Hi-MO X6 Max is LONGi's HPBC back contact series with a rectangular M11 wafer using TaiRay Inside technology. It is offered in the Explorer, Scientist, Guardian and Artist variants.
At LONGi. LONGi cites 1% first-year degradation and a -0.28%/°C temperature coefficient for the series; the Scientist 72-cell version reaches 23.3% module efficiency.
EcoLife is LONGi's premium solar series for homes, combining high-efficiency back contact modules with a refined all-black look and long warranties. It includes the Hi-MO X10 and the Hi-MO S10 (EcoLife Pro).
At LONGi. EcoLife won the German Excellence Award 2026.
Guardian, Artist, Explorer and Scientist are LONGi's four product series within the Hi-MO X10 and X6 Max families. LONGi positions them as Guardian for durability, Artist for elegance, Explorer for profitable, reliable and attractive systems, and Scientist for ultimate efficiency and power.
Hi-MO ONE Pro is LONGi's modular commercial and industrial energy storage platform. It provides 261 kWh with a choice of 125 kW or 250 kW power conversion and a cabinet architecture that lets capacity expand in phases.
At LONGi. Part of the LONGi ONE storage portfolio, with predictive cell-level safety monitoring. It won the EUPD Top Innovation Award 2026.
LONGi ONE is LONGi's full-stack energy storage portfolio, introduced at Intersolar Europe 2026. It brings together battery energy storage products, including Hi-MO ONE Pro, with predictive safety technology.
LONGi BLOCK is a mobile solar power station that delivers electricity at remote or temporary locations, including construction sites, mining, agriculture and emergency response, without lengthy permitting or permanent civil works. It deploys up to 239.2 kW within four hours.
At LONGi. LONGi BLOCK is available in two configurations.
Also known as: Global Solar Engine
LONGi GSE, short for Global Solar Engine, is LONGi's solar asset lifecycle management offering for utility-scale plants. It combines services and AI platforms for design (GSE Pioneer), installation robots and data-driven O&M (GSE Challenger).
At LONGi. Design optimisation raised IRR by an average of 0.3%, and the Challenger platform guided an average 3% production increase, according to LONGi.
Also known as: BESS, battery storage
A battery energy storage system (BESS) stores electricity in batteries so it can be used later, supplying power when solar output is low or grid prices are high. BESS supports self-consumption, backup power, peak shaving and grid services.
At LONGi. LONGi entered the energy storage market in November 2025 and was named a Tier 1 energy storage manufacturer by BloombergNEF.
Thermal runaway is a self-accelerating overheating in a battery cell that can spread to neighbouring cells and cause fire. Safe storage design detects early warning signs at cell level and isolates faults before they spread.
At LONGi. LONGi's storage portfolio uses predictive cell-level safety monitoring to detect early signs of thermal runaway.
Also known as: Solar and storage, PV plus storage
Solar-plus-storage pairs a solar PV system with batteries so that solar output can be stored and used when needed. It addresses mismatches between generation and demand and can make solar a dispatchable source of power.
At LONGi. LONGi is moving from module supplier to integrated solar and storage provider, including its acquisition of PotisEdge.
Self-consumption is the share of a solar system's output that the owner uses on site instead of exporting to the grid. Batteries and flexible loads raise self-consumption and the financial value of solar.
A microgrid is a local energy system, with its own generation, storage and controls, that can operate connected to the main grid or independently. It improves resilience for islands, industrial sites and remote locations.
Also known as: Commercial and industrial solar
C&I solar, or commercial and industrial solar, covers rooftop and ground-mounted PV systems on businesses, factories, warehouses and public buildings. Projects are typically sized from tens of kilowatts to several megawatts and aim to cut energy cost and carbon.
At LONGi. LONGi offers the Hi-MO X10 variants and storage products for C&I projects.
Also known as: Solar farm, solar park
Utility-scale solar refers to large ground-mounted PV plants, usually tens or hundreds of megawatts, that sell electricity to the grid or under long-term contracts. Developers focus on lowest levelised cost of electricity.
At LONGi. LONGi's Hi-MO 9 and Hi-MO 7 are its utility-scale module series.
Distributed generation is electricity produced close to where it is used, such as rooftop solar on homes and businesses, rather than at a large central plant. It reduces transmission losses and can improve local resilience.
At LONGi. LONGi announced its Distributed Generation sales results at Intersolar Europe in 2025 and 2026.
Also known as: Building-integrated photovoltaics
BIPV, or building-integrated photovoltaics, means solar modules that form part of a building's envelope, such as roofs, façades or glazing, and replace conventional building materials as well as generating electricity.
At LONGi. LONGi's blog explains why Europe is becoming a centre for BIPV.
Also known as: Vehicle-integrated photovoltaics
VIPV, or vehicle-integrated photovoltaics, means solar cells built into vehicles such as cars, ships and race cars to generate power for propulsion or onboard systems.
At LONGi. LONGi and Innoptus unveiled the Infinite Apollo solar race car with BC cells, and LONGi supplied modules for a 200 m cargo ship.
Also known as: Floating solar, offshore PV
Offshore solar means PV installed on water or at sea, on floating or fixed structures or vessels. It demands modules resistant to salt, humidity and mechanical movement.
At LONGi. LONGi has secured a 400 MW contract for back contact modules in offshore PV.
Repowering replaces older solar modules or equipment in an existing plant with newer, more efficient ones to raise output on the same site and grid connection.
At LONGi. LONGi and EUPD partnered on repowering and workforce development initiatives in Germany.
Reverse current snow removal applies a controlled current to PV modules so they warm slightly and melt snow without manual cleaning. It can restore winter output in cold regions.
At LONGi. LONGi and ATMOCE partnered to test reverse current technology for automated snow removal on solar systems.
Also known as: kWp, MWp
Kilowatt-peak (kWp) is the rated power of a solar system under standard test conditions: the sum of its modules' Pmax. It describes size, not energy; a 1 kWp system produces a number of kilowatt-hours a year that depends on location and orientation.
Also known as: Energy yield, kWh/kWp
Specific yield is the annual energy a PV system produces per kilowatt-peak installed, measured in kWh/kWp. It lets projects of different sizes be compared and is used to evaluate technology in field tests.
At LONGi. LONGi reports several field tests comparing the specific yield of back contact and TOPCon modules at named sites.
Also known as: Levelised cost of electricity
Levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) is the lifetime cost of building and running a power plant divided by the lifetime energy it produces. A lower LCOE means cheaper electricity, and higher yield or lower degradation can offset a higher module price.
At LONGi. Independent studies cited by LONGi found the Hi-MO 9 at 3.9–4.5% lower LCOE than TOPCon in one study and 2.3–3.6% lower in tests at four European sites.
Also known as: Power purchase agreement
A power purchase agreement (PPA) is a long-term contract under which a buyer agrees to purchase electricity from a generator, often a solar or wind plant, at an agreed price. PPAs support project financing.
Bankability is the degree to which lenders and investors consider a solar module or manufacturer a low financial risk, based on factors such as financial strength, independent testing, track record, warranty and reputation. Bankable products are easier to finance.
At LONGi. LONGi reports AAA status in PV ModuleTech's bankability ranking for 26 consecutive quarters, and ESG evidence is also part of project bankability.
The PV ModuleTech Bankability Ratings are quarterly independent assessments that grade PV module manufacturers, with AAA the highest grade, on financial and technical factors. Lenders and developers use them in due diligence.
At LONGi. LONGi maintained AAA status for the 26th consecutive quarter in Q2 2026.
BloombergNEF's Tier 1 list identifies PV module and energy-storage manufacturers whose products have been financed by non-recourse lenders in recent projects. It is used as a bankability indicator, but it does not rate quality.
At LONGi. LONGi maintained Tier 1 status for PV modules in Q3 2026 and was named a Tier 1 storage manufacturer for the ninth consecutive quarter.
Also known as: PVEL Top Performer
The Kiwa PVEL PV Module Reliability Scorecard reports results of accelerated reliability tests such as thermal cycling, damp heat, mechanical stress and PID, and names Top Performers among manufacturers.
At LONGi. LONGi was named a Kiwa PVEL Top Performer for the eighth time.
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